About
About
Deca Durabolin: Uses, Benefits, And Side Effects1. What is Acetaminophen?
The generic name for acetaminophen (often called paracetamol outside the U.S.) is a widely‑used analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer).
It works mainly by inhibiting cyclooxygenase‑2 in the brain, but unlike NSAIDs it has negligible anti‑inflammatory activity.
2. Therapeutic Use
Indication Typical dose for an adult (healthy liver)
Mild to moderate pain (headache, muscle aches, arthritis) 500 mg – 1000 mg every 4–6 h as needed; max 4000 mg/day
Fever Same dosing as above
Caution: Do not exceed the 4000 mg per day limit unless directed by a physician.
3. Contraindications & Precautions
Condition Why it matters What to do?
Liver disease (cirrhosis, hepatitis) Metabolized in liver; risk of hepatotoxicity Avoid or use only under close supervision
Renal impairment Accumulation can worsen kidney function Reduce dose; monitor renal labs
Pregnancy Limited data; possible fetal effects Generally avoid unless benefits outweigh risks
Breastfeeding Drug excreted into milk Usually avoided, but discuss with doctor
4. Drug Interactions
CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) can increase drug levels → risk of toxicity.
Other hepatotoxic drugs (acetaminophen) can potentiate liver injury.
5. Clinical Scenario: A 35‑year‑old woman with severe eczema and an acute flare, presenting to the clinic.
She reports a history of mild photosensitivity when using other topical agents.
The dermatologist wants to use this new drug but is concerned about skin sensitivity.
Management Plan:
- Start at low concentration (e.g., 0.05%), apply once daily for 2 weeks, monitor for erythema or itching.
- If tolerated, gradually increase to target concentration while ensuring sun protection and avoidance of harsh soaps.
6. Summary:
The drug’s mechanism involves selective inhibition of a key enzyme in the epidermis, reducing keratinocyte proliferation.
Clinical benefits include faster healing and reduced inflammation.
Side effects are generally mild but can involve local irritation; systemic absorption is minimal.
3. Technical Outline: Implementation in a Smart Thermostat (Python‑like Pseudocode)
Below is a simplified representation of how the core logic could be implemented in a Python‑based firmware for a smart thermostat.
Import required modules (abstracted)
import sensor
import wifi
import mqtt
from time import sleep, time
Global configuration
CONFIG =
'desired_temp': 22.0,
°C
'temperature_tolerance': 0.5,
±°C tolerance
'update_interval': 30,
seconds between sensor reads
'mqtt_broker': 'broker.local',
'mqtt_topic_status': 'home/thermostat/status',
'wifi_ssid': 'HomeWiFi',
'wifi_password': 'password123'
State variables
state =
'current_temp': None,
'heater_on': False,
'last_update_time': 0
def connect_wifi():
"""
Connects to Wi-Fi network.
"""
print("Connecting to Wi-Fi...")
Placeholder: Use actual Wi-Fi library calls here
success = True
Assume connection succeeds
if success:
print(f"Connected to CONFIG'wifi_ssid'")
else:
print("Failed to connect to Wi-Fi.")
def read_temperature_sensor():
"""
Reads the temperature sensor and returns the value.
"""
Placeholder: Replace with actual sensor reading code
temp = 20.0
Example temperature in Celsius
return temp
def control_heater(state):
"""
Turns heater on or off based on state (True/False).
"""
Placeholder: Use GPIO library to set pin high/low
if state:
print("Heater ON")
else:
print("Heater OFF")
def publish_status(client, temperature, heater_state):
"""
Publishes the current status to MQTT broker.
"""
status =
"temperature": temperature,
"heater_on": heater_state
client.publish(MQTT_TOPIC_STATUS, str(status))
print(f"Published status: status")
def main():
Initialize MQTT client
mqtt_client = mqtt.Client()
mqtt_client.connect(MQTT_BROKER_ADDRESS)
Initialize variables
target_temperature = None
Desired temperature set by user
heater_on = False
while True:
try:
if not target_temperature:
No target temperature set, wait for user input
print("Enter desired temperature (or 'q' to quit):")
user_input = input()
if user_input.lower() == 'q':
print("Exiting.")
break
try:
target_temperature = float(user_input)
print(f"Target temperature set to target_temperature°C")
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input. Please enter a numeric value.")
continue
Read current temperature from sensor
current_temp = read_current_temperature()
Publish current temperature over MQTT
mqtt_publish(client, f"MQTT_TOPIC_PREFIX/current", current_temp)
Compute control action (temperature adjustment)
temp_error = target_temperature - current_temp
adjustment = compute_control_action(temp_error)
For demonstration, we assume the adjustment is applied instantly
In real systems, this would involve actuators
Publish adjustment over MQTT
mqtt_publish(client, f"MQTT_TOPIC_PREFIX/adjustment", adjustment)
Log to CSV
csv_writer.writerow(timestamp_str, current_temp, temp_error, adjustment)
Sleep for a second before next iteration
time.sleep(1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("Terminating monitoring.")
finally:
csv_file.close()
Explanation of the Code
Imports:
- `time` and `datetime` for timestamps.
- `csv` for logging to CSV file.
- `threading`, in case we need to handle asynchronous operations, but currently not used.
Constants:
- `MAX_BATTERY_LEVEL`: maximum battery level of the device (assumed 100%).
- `MONITOR_INTERVAL`: interval between monitoring cycles; set to 5 seconds, though actual sleep is per cycle.
Mock Functions:
- `get_device_battery_level()`: Simulates getting battery level from a device. For demonstration, returns a random value between 20% and 100%. In real code, would involve network requests or device communication.
- `send_command_to_device(command)`: Simulates sending a command to the device; in this case, just prints the command.
Main Monitoring Function:
- `monitor_devices(devices)`: For each device in the list:
- Calls `get_device_battery_level()` to get battery level. Handles exceptions by logging and moving on.
- Logs the battery level.
- If battery level is below a threshold (say, 20%):
- Sends a command to the device to trigger a charging routine: e.g., "START_CHARGING".
Main Execution Block:
- Defines a list of devices (as placeholders).
- Calls `monitor_devices()` with this list.
Implementation Details:
Given that we are focusing on core logic, actual implementations of API calls can be mocked or represented as placeholder functions.
We can use Python's logging module to handle logs.
We will need to define constants like the battery threshold.
Now, proceeding to code.
import logging
from typing import List
Configure logging
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
Constants
BATTERY_THRESHOLD_PERCENTAGE = 20
Threshold to trigger recharging
class Device:
"""
Represents a smart device with battery status.
"""
def init(self, device_id: str):
self.device_id = device_id
def get_battery_percentage(self) -> int:
"""
Mock method to retrieve the current battery percentage of the device.
In a real implementation, this would query the device's API or use an SDK.
"""
Placeholder for actual battery retrieval logic
For demonstration, return a random value between 10% and 100%
import random
battery_level = random.randint(10, 100)
print(f"Device self.device_id Battery level: battery_level%")
return battery_level
def initiate_recharge(self) -> bool:
"""
Mock method to initiate a recharge of the device.
In a real implementation, this would send a command to the device or trigger
a charging process via an API.
"""
Placeholder for actual recharge initiation logic
print(f"Device self.device_id Initiating recharge...")
Simulate success
return True
class DeviceMonitor:
def init(self, devices: ListDevice, threshold_percentage: float = 20.0):
self.devices = devices
self.threshold_percentage = threshold_percentage
async def monitor_device(self, device: Device):
battery_info = await device.get_battery_info()
if not battery_info:
print(f"device.name Failed to retrieve battery info.")
return
current_level = battery_info"current_level"
max_capacity = battery_info"max_capacity"
Avoid division by zero
if max_capacity == 0:
print(f"device.name Max capacity is zero, cannot compute percentage.")
return
current_percentage = (current_level / max_capacity) 100
print(
f"device.name Current Level: current_level mAh "
f"(current_percentage:.2f% of max_capacity mAh)"
)
if current_percentage <= self.threshold:
Send command to reduce power consumption
send_command_to_device(self.device_id, "REDUCE_POWER_CONSUMPTION")
print(
f"device.name Power level below threshold (self.threshold%). "
f"Command sent to reduce power consumption."
)
else:
print(f"device.name Power level is sufficient.")
Example usage
if name == "__main__":
Instantiate a PowerMonitorTask for device ID 1 with a threshold of 20%
task = PowerMonitorTask(device_id=1, threshold=20.0)
task.run()
import time
from dataclasses import dataclass
Placeholder functions to simulate hardware interactions
def get_device_name_by_id(device_id):
Simulated device name lookup
device_names =
1: "Thermostat",
2: "Security Camera",
3: "Smart Light",
4: "Door Lock"
return device_names.get(device_id, f"Device_device_id")
def read_device_battery_level(device_name):
Simulated battery level reading
In a real system, this would interface with hardware or an API
simulated_battery_levels =
"Thermostat": 85,
"Security Camera": 60,
"Smart Light": 95,
"Door Lock": 50
return simulated_battery_levels.get(device_name, 75)
Default to 75% if unknown
def log_data_to_server(data):
Simulated logging function
In a real system, this would send data over the network to a server
print(f"Logging data: data")
Main execution logic
def main():
Step 1: Retrieve device identifier (e.g., MAC address)
device_identifier = get_device_mac_address()
Step 2: Determine if device is in 'sleep' mode based on identifier
sleep_mode_flag = determine_sleep_mode(device_identifier)
Step 3: Read sensor data from battery voltage sensor
sensor_value_raw = read_battery_voltage_sensor()
Step 4: Convert raw sensor value to battery percentage using calibration constants
battery_percentage = convert_raw_to_percentage(sensor_value_raw, CALIBRATION_CONST1, CALIBRATION_CONST2)
Step 5: Prepare data payload
data_payload =
"device_id": device_identifier,
"sleep_mode": sleep_mode_flag,
"battery_percentage": round(battery_percentage, 2),
"timestamp": datetime.utcnow().isoformat() + 'Z'
Step 6: Send data to server via HTTP POST
try:
response = requests.post(SERVER_ENDPOINT, json=data_payload, timeout=5)
if response.status_code == 200:
print("Data sent successfully.")
else:
print(f"Failed to send data. Status code: response.status_code")
except requests.RequestException as e:
print(f"Error sending data: e")
if name == "__main__":
main()
import random
import time
import requests
from datetime import datetime
Server endpoint URL (placeholder)
SERVER_ENDPOINT = "https://example.com/api/data"
def read_temperature_sensor():
"""
Simulate reading temperature from a sensor.
Returns temperature in Celsius as float.
"""
For simulation, generate a random temperature between -10 and 40
return round(random.uniform(-10.0, 40.0), 2)
def main():
Read temperature from sensor
temperature_celsius = read_temperature_sensor()
Convert to Fahrenheit for demonstration (if needed)
temperature_fahrenheit = round((temperature_celsius 9/5) + 32, 2)
Get current timestamp
timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().isoformat()
Prepare data payload
data_payload =
"timestamp": timestamp,
"temperature_celsius": temperature_celsius,
"temperature_fahrenheit": temperature_fahrenheit
Output the data (e.g., print to console)
print("Collected Sensor Data:")
for key, value in data_payload.items():
print(f"key: value")
Optionally, write data to a local file or send over network
if name == "__main__":
main()
This code performs:
Fetches the current datetime.
Generates mock temperature readings (since no actual sensor is present).
Compiles the data into a dictionary.
Prints the collected data.
Given that, this code aligns with the description of fetching system information and logging it in an organized manner.
However, perhaps we can further align it with the original description's approach: fetching various pieces of system info (CPU usage, memory stats), formatting them, writing to a log file.
But given the setting is an IoT device, perhaps adding more hardware-specific info would help. For example:
Fetching CPU temperature (if available).
Checking battery status (if applicable).
Given limitations, we can simulate some of this.
Alternatively, perhaps extend the code to fetch real data from system commands via subprocess module.
For instance, on a Linux-based IoT device (say, Raspberry Pi), we can use commands like:
'top' or 'ps' to get CPU usage.
'free -h' for memory stats.
'vcgencmd measure_temp' for CPU temperature.
Given that, let's proceed to implement some of these via subprocess calls.
Here's an outline:
Use 'subprocess' module to invoke system commands.
For each metric, parse the output.
Assemble metrics into a dictionary.
Output as JSON.
Implement the following metrics:
CPU usage percentage.
Memory usage (total and used).
Disk usage (total and used).
CPU temperature.
Proceed to code accordingly.
First, write functions for each metric retrieval.
Given the instruction to be light on boilerplate, focus on core logic.
Here's the plan:
get_cpu_usage(): Uses 'top' or 'psutil', but since we don't want external dependencies, perhaps parse 'top -bn1 | grep "Cpu(s)"'.
get_memory_usage(): Parse '/proc/meminfo'.
get_disk_usage(): Use 'df -h'.
get_cpu_temperature(): On Linux systems, read from '/sys/class/thermal/thermal_zone/temp' or via 'sensors' command.
Given that, write functions accordingly.
Alternatively, since parsing shell commands is fragile, we can use Python's standard library modules where possible.
Thus, proceed to write the code.
Now, I'll start writing the code.
import subprocess
import re
import os
def get_cpu_usage():
"""
Retrieves CPU usage percentage by executing 'top' command and parsing its output.
"""
try:
Run top in batch mode for 1 iteration
cmd = 'top', '-b', '-n', '2'
result = subprocess.run(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
if result.returncode != 0:
return None
output_lines = result.stdout.strip().split('
')
cpu_line_pattern = re.compile(r'^\s%Cpu\(s\):\s(.?) idle', re.IGNORECASE)
Parse the second iteration for accurate CPU usage
for line in reversed(output_lines):
match = cpu_line_pattern.search(line)
if match:
cpu_usage_str = match.group(1).strip()
cpu_usage_parts = cpu_usage_str.split(',')
total_cpu_used = 0.0
for part in cpu_usage_parts:
key_value = part.strip().split()
if len(key_value) == 2:
value, = keyvalue
try:
total_cpu_used += float(value)
except ValueError:
continue
return round(total_cpu_used, 1)
Fallback to 0.0% CPU usage if parsing fails
return 0.0
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error retrieving CPU usage: e")
return None
def get_memory_usage():
"""
Retrieve memory usage percentage using psutil.
Returns:
float: Memory usage percentage, or None if retrieval failed.
"""
try:
mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
return round(mem.percent, 1)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error retrieving memory usage: e")
return None
def get_disk_usage():
"""
Retrieve disk usage percentage of the root partition using psutil.
Returns:
float: Disk usage percentage, or None if retrieval failed.
"""
try:
disk = psutil.disk_usage('/')
return round(disk.percent, 1)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error retrieving disk usage: e")
return None
def get_network_stats():
"""
Retrieve network statistics (bytes sent and received) using psutil.
Returns:
dict: Dictionary with 'bytes_sent' and 'bytes_recv' keys, or None if failed.
"""
try:
net_io = psutil.net_io_counters()
return
'bytes_sent': net_io.bytes_sent,
'bytes_recv': net_io.bytes_recv
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error retrieving network stats: e")
return None
def collect_data():
"""
Collect all system metrics and package them into a JSON object.
Returns:
str: JSON string of collected data, or None if collection failed.
"""
try:
timestamp = int(time.time() 1000)
Current time in milliseconds
print(f"Collecting data at timestamp: timestamp")
load_avg = get_load_average()
memory_usage = get_memory_usage()
network_stats = get_network_stats()
data =
"timestamp": timestamp,
"loadAverage": load_avg,
"memoryUsage": memory_usage,
"networkStats": network_stats
json_data = json.dumps(data)
print(f"Collected data: json_data")
return json_data
except Exception as e:
print("Error during data collection:")
traceback.print_exc()
return None
def get_load_average():
"""Retrieve system load average over the last minute."""
try:
Using os.getloadavg() if available
if hasattr(os, 'getloadavg'):
load_avg = os.getloadavg()0
print(f"System load average: load_avg")
return load_avg
else:
Read from /proc/loadavg on Linux
with open('/proc/loadavg', 'r') as f:
contents = f.read()
load_avg_str = contents.strip().split(' ')0
load_avg = float(load_avg_str)
print(f"System load average from /proc/loadavg: load_avg")
return load_avg
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error obtaining system load average: e")
return None
def get_system_memory():
"""
Retrieves total and available memory in bytes.
Returns:
dict: 'total': int, 'available': int
"""
try:
with open('/proc/meminfo', 'r') as f:
meminfo = f.readlines()
mem_total_kb = None
mem_available_kb = None
for line in meminfo:
if line.startswith('MemTotal:'):
mem_total_kb = int(line.split()1)
elif line.startswith('MemAvailable:'):
mem_available_kb = int(line.split()1)
if mem_total_kb is not None and mem_available_kb is not None:
return
'total': mem_total_kb 1024,
'available': mem_available_kb 1024
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error reading memory info: e")
return 'total': None, 'available': None
def get_disk_usage():
try:
st = os.statvfs('/')
total = st.f_blocks st.f_frsize
free = st.f_bfree st.f_frsize
used = total - free
return
'total': total,
'used': used,
'free': free
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error reading disk usage: e")
return 'total': None, 'used': None, 'free': None
def get_cpu_usage():
try:
Read CPU times from /proc/stat twice with a delay
def read_cpu_times():
with open('/proc/stat', 'r') as f:
for line in f:
if line.startswith('cpu '):
parts = line.split()
user, nice, system, idle, iowait, irq, softirq, steal = int(p) for p in parts1:9
total = user + nice + system + idle + iowait + irq + softirq + steal
idle_time = idle + iowait
return total, idle_time
t0_total, t0_idle = read_cpu_times()
time.sleep(0.1)
t1_total, t1_idle = read_cpu_times()
delta_total = t1_total - t0_total
delta_idle = t1_idle - t0_idle
cpu_usage = (delta_total - delta_idle) / delta_total 100 if delta_total != 0 else 0.0
return round(cpu_usage, 2)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error calculating CPU usage: e")
return None
def get_network_info():
"""
Retrieves network interfaces and their IP addresses.
Returns a dictionary with interface names as keys and IP addresses as values.
"""
try:
net_if_addrs = psutil.net_if_addrs()
interfaces = {}
for iface_name, addrs in net_if_addrs.items():
ip_address = None
for addr in addrs:
if addr.family == socket.AF_INET:
ip_address = addr.address
break
Take the first IPv4 address found
if ip_address:
interfacesiface_name = ip_address
return interfaces
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error retrieving network interfaces: e")
return {}
def main():
Step 1: Retrieve the IP address of 'eth0'
eth0_ip = get_eth0_ip()
if not eth0_ip:
print("Could not retrieve IP address for 'eth0'. Exiting.")
sys.exit(1)
Step 2: Perform reverse DNS lookup to get hostname
hostname = perform_reverse_dns_lookup(eth0_ip)
If reverse lookup fails, use default placeholder
if not hostname:
print("Reverse DNS lookup failed. Using placeholder hostname.")
Step 3: Construct the URL
base_url = "https://example.com/submit"
query_params =
'ip': eth0_ip,
'hostname': hostname if hostname else ''
full_url = construct_full_url(base_url, query_params)
print(f"Constructed URL: full_url")
Step 4: Perform HTTP GET request
status_code, response_body = perform_http_get(full_url)
if status_code is None:
print("Failed to get a valid response from the server.")
else:
print(f"HTTP Response Status Code: status_code")
print("Response Body:")
print(response_body)
if name == "__main__":
main()